How it works:

• Electromagnetic pulses: A GPR transmitter emits high-frequency electromagnetic pulses into the ground.   
• Reflections: When these pulses encounter changes in the subsurface materials (like buried pipes, cables, or voids), they are reflected back to the surface.
   
  Data analysis: The reflected signals are captured by a receiver and processed to create images of the subsurface.   

Applications:

• Utility detection: Locating buried pipes, cables, and other underground infrastructure.  
• Archaeological exploration: Discovering buried artifacts, structures, and sites.
   
  Geotechnical investigations: Assessing soil conditions, detecting voids, and identifying subsurface layers.   
   
• Environmental studies: Monitoring groundwater contamination, locating landfill boundaries, and investigating underground storage tanks.   
   
• Construction: Inspecting foundations, detecting defects in concrete, and locating buried objects.   
   

Advantages of GPR:

• Non-destructive: Does not require digging or drilling, preserving the site.   
   
• Fast and efficient: Can cover large areas quickly.   
   
• Versatile: Can be used in various environments and materials.   
   
• High-resolution images: Provides detailed information about subsurface features.   
   

Limitations:

• Depth penetration: Depth capabilities vary depending on factors like soil conditions and frequency of the radar.   
   
• Interference: Can be affected by factors like electromagnetic noise and moisture content.   
   

In essence, GPR is a valuable tool for exploring the subsurface without disturbing the ground. Its applications are diverse, making it a popular choice in many fields.